Tales of India: Folk Tales from Bengal, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu – GOOD
Notes: Item in good condition.
Notes: Item in good condition.
This may therefore be regarded as the gist of the Maharshi’s earliest teachings. The Vichara Sangraham has unique value in that it constitutes the first set of instructions given by Sri Bhagavan in his own handwriting.
Author: Brianna Wiest. Title: The Mountain is You (Tamil). Language: Tamil. Format: Paperback. Item Weight: 200g. Item Width: 15mm. Item Length: 130mm. Item Height: 200mm.
Title: Sirudaniya Sweets & Snacks. Language: TAM. Number of Pages: 106. Publication Date: 2015-01-01.
¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿, ISBN 9389146844, ISBN-13 9789389146844, Like New Used, Free shipping in the US
Madurai Mathirai” by T. Lajapathi Roy. 2008 M/S/ Ramji Folk Research Center hardcover, 103 pages. Rare art/culture/history book on Madurai and Jainism. Light scuffing on the hardcovers. No markings, no binding issues.
The Ribhu Gita. A spiritual classic on Vedanta from Ramashram.
“Spoken Tamil for Absolute Beginners” by D, Sanjay is a book designed for individuals looking to learn Tamil in English. Published by Sanjay D in 2021, this paperback book focuses on teaching spoken Tamil to beginners.
By Krishnan, Hari. Celluloid Classicism: Early Tamil Cinema and the Making of Modern Bharatanatyam.
The book is illustrated with linocut prints that have texture.
A nice touch is the illustrated timeline that runs along the bottom.
By Dinesh Verma. Learn Tamil Alphabet &Vocabulary. – Lot of 2 Books. – Chanda Books.
Title: Veenai Bhavani ( Tamil Edition ). Language: TAM. Number of Pages: 112. Weight: 0.35 lbs. Publication Date: 2018-05-15. Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform.
This activity book has hidden picture puzzles that take time to solve.
Lustre Press, 2007, Paperback. Very good condition overall. Some shelf wear on covers and spine, but no other notable defects.
Ponniyin Selvan by Kalki. These editions feature traditional artwork and sturdy hardbound covers.
ஸ்ரீமத் பாகவதம் வேதாந்த காவியமும் இலக்கிய நூலுமாகிய ஸ்ரீமத் பாகவதம், கால பரிமாணத்திற்கு அப்பாற்பட்ட அறிவுக் களஞ்சியங்கள் என்று அறியப்படும் வேதங்களில் ஒரு போற்றத்தக்க நிலையை வகிக்கின்றது. மனித அறிவாற்றல் குறித்த அனைத்து துறைகளுடனும் தொடர்பு கொண்ட வேதங்கள் இதன் ஆதியில் வாய்மொழி மரபாக பேணி பாதுகாக்கப்பட்டு வந்தன. பின்னர், பகவானின் இலக்கிய அவதாரம் என்று அறியப்படும் ஸ்ரீல வியாசதேவர் இவற்றை எழுத்துக்களில் வடித்தார். வேதங்களைத் தொகுத்த பின்னர், அவற்றின் ஆழ்ந்த கருத்துகளின் சாரத்தை ஸ்ரீமத் பாகவதம் என்னும் வடிவில் வழங்குமாறு ஸ்ரீல வியாசதேவர் தனது ஆன்மீக குருவினால் ஊக்கப்படுத்தப்பட்டார். எனவே, ஸ்ரீமத் பாகவதம், “வேத ஞானம் என்னும் மரத்தின் கனிந்த பழம்” என்று அறியப்படுகிறது. இது வேத அறிவை முழுமையாகவும் அதிகாரப்பூர்வமாகவும் வழங்கக்கூடியதாகும். அட்டைப்பட விளக்கம்
We are passionate about the written word, growing knowledge and the art of the book itself; artwork, dust-jackets, leather-bounds, old age, everything that makes a handheld book special.
Tamil: A Biography [Paperback] NA by David Dean Shulman Pages can have notes/highlighting. Spine may show signs of wear. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less
The series is a celebrated epic historical fiction novel series written by Kalki Krishnamurthy. The translation by Pavithra Srinivasan, Kalki Krishnamurthy’s historical Chola dynasty epic into five distinct paperback titles.
Tales of India: Folktales from Bengal, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu – hardcover Ko…. Condition is Very Good. Shipped with USPS Media Mail.
For your careful consideration: CompactTamil Holy Bible & Hymnary – India – Leather Bound, Illustrated. ITEM CONDITION NOTES: Clean and unmarked including blank/unused presentation page. Sound binding with minimal cover wear.
You are purchasing a Very Good copy of ‘Tamil Tigress: My Story As a Child Soldier in Sri Lanka’s Bloody Civil War’.
A Collection of Proverbs in Tamil, With Their Translation in English, by P. Percival (Paperback or Softback). Your source for quality books at reduced prices. By Percival, Peter. Publication Date: 7/18/2023.
Number of Pages: 230. Language: English. Author: Pillai, Purnalingam (Author). Publication Date: 2023-06-01. Publisher: Maven Books.
The Poets Of The Powers: Freedom, Magic, and Renewal – By Kamil V. Zvelebil – Paperback. Kamil V. Zvelebil, Ph.D., D. Litt., was a world-renowned scholar, a respected authority in the field of Tamil studies, Sanskrit and Indology.
Shiv Puran in Tamil (சிவ புராணம்) (Paperback or Softback). Your Privacy. Your source for quality books at reduced prices. Condition Guide. Item Availability.
Please refer to the section BELOW (and NOT ABOVE) this line for the product details – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Title:Nalluraikovai Vol I ( Tamil Edition )ISBN13:9781986724739ISBN10:1986724735Author:Iyer, U. V. Swaminatha (Author)Description:(This is a RePrint) – Nallurai Kovai Is A 4 Volumes Biographical Essay Book By Swaminatha Iyer, Or Simply Known As ‘Thamizh Thatha, ‘ Has Written Interesting Articles About His Time In His Book ‘Nallurai Kovai’ The Articals Cover Various Subjects From Music, Art, History, Philosophy And Religion The Articles Contains The Events From The Author’s Own Lifeti Binding:Paperback, PaperbackPublisher:Createspace Independent Publishing PlatformPublication Date:2018-03-22Weight:0.38 lbsDimensions:0.25” H x 9” L x 6” WNumber of Pages:120Language:TAM
Cover has a little curling. Clean pages. Thanks!
Festschrift honoring K. Paramasivam, b. 1933, Tamil scholar and author.
This novel is the perfect companion for a rainy afternoon.
Paperback in good condition.
Unlike many classical Indian texts, it confronts life directly, without the insulation of philosophical doctrines or assumptions about karma and the afterlife. Discover the first complete English-language edition of one of India’s most revered classical works, the Purananuru , expertly translated by two prominent scholars.
This activity book includes spot-the-difference games that sharpen your focus.
Title: Tamil Kirithavam. Language: TAM. Number of Pages: 152. Publication Date: 2014-12-01. Publisher: Kalachuvadu Publications Pvt Ltd.
You are purchasing a Good copy of ‘Protestant Origins in India: Tamil Evangelical Christians, 1706-1835 (Studies in the History of Christian Missions)’. Condition Notes: Supports Goodwill of Silicon Valley job training programs.
AHARAM: TRADITIONAL CUISINE OF TAMIL NADU by Sabita Radhakrishna BPI Books 1st Printing Hardcover HC.
Sarabhendra Pakashastra is. a comprehensive 19th-century Marathi treatise on culinary arts commissioned by King Serfoji II of Thanjavur (1798–1832). Significance: It serves as a valuable resource for understanding the royal cuisine of the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom, reflecting a blend of South Indian and North Indian, particularly Marathi, culinary traditions.
Please refer to the section BELOW (and NOT ABOVE) this line for the product details – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Title:Chinnanjiru Paadalgal ( Tamil Edition )ISBN13:9781717084156ISBN10:171708415XAuthor:Valliappa, Azha (Author)Description:(This is a RePrint) – Chinnanjiru Paadalgal Is A Collection Of Famous Tamil Children Rhymes By Azha Valliappa The Children’s Poems Composed By Azha Valliappa Found A Place In School And College Textbooks Not Only In Southern States, But Also In Various Foreign Countries Including Sri Lanka, South Africa, Malaysia, Singapore And Mauritius Binding:Paperback, PaperbackPublisher:Createspace Independent Publishing PlatformPublication Date:2018-04-17Weight:0.13 lbsDimensions:0.07” H x 9” L x 6” WNumber of Pages:32Language:TAM
Quran in Tamil Language ( Arabic To Tamil Translation) The Noble Quran Translated into Tamil with Arabic script included. The Noble Quran Translated into Tamil with Arabic script included. Just For Kids Quran Stories By Dr Saniyasnain Khan.
Tamil Proverbs by Mrs S. Banumathi, MR V. Murali. Author Mrs S. Banumathi, MR V. Murali. A proverb that describes a basic rule of conduct may also be known as a maxim. If a proverb is distinguished by particularly good phrasing, it may be known as an aphorism.
You are purchasing a Good copy of ‘The Interior Landscape: Love Poems from a Classical Tamil Anthology (Oxford India Paperbacks)’. A solid, complete copy that’s ready to enjoy.
You are purchasing a Very Good copy of ‘Autobiography of A Yogi-Tamil (Tamil Edition)’.
Srirangaththu Devadhaigal (Tamil Edition). Author: Sujatha. Sku: 8184936540-3-29448650. Condition: Used: Good. Qty Available: 1.
Please refer to the section BELOW (and NOT ABOVE) this line for the product details – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Title:Aharam: Traditional Cuisine Of Tamil NaduISBN13:9781543705188ISBN10:1543705189Author:Radhakrishna, Sabita (Author)Description: Binding:Paperback, PaperbackPublisher:Partridge Publishing IndiaPublication Date:2019-04-24Weight:1.06 lbsDimensions:0.73” H x 9” L x 6” WNumber of Pages:326Language:English
TAMIL MISSIONARY. The cover is quality vinyl with textured stamping that makes for a beautiful appearance. It is a nice compact size that makes it very portable but yet the print remains large and bold enough for even older readers.
Published by NYRB Poets. Condition: Near new: unread (may have publisher””s mark or minor shelfwear). ; paperback.
Like new trade paperback “Tamil Love Poetry The 500 Short Poems of The Ainkurunuru” translated by Martha Ann Selby. See photos for additional information. Photos are of actual items for sale. Free shipping via USPS media mail. Ships same day or next day post office is open. Inquire with any questions. U. S. buyers only.
What stands out about this novel is its graceful handling of time.
Using the tale within a tale format, Maya Veerum affords the reader a trip through the interior of our world and our consciousness. We join Sandakumaran, the Prince of Peace – beginning with his chat with his cousin about looking for a wife (“when marriage begins, satan begins” – one of my favorite quotes) and an explanation of how satan rules the world through “7 and 1/2”.
“The Song of Ribhu: Translated from the Original Tamil Version” is a 760-page paperback book published by the Society of Abidance in Truth in 2000. The book, which falls under the genre of religion, covers topics related to Hinduism, specifically focusing on theology, general Hinduism, and sacred writings. Translated by H. Ramamoorthy and Nome, the book presents the original Tamil text in English, making it accessible to a wider audience interested in the teachings and philosophy found within the Ribhu Gita.”
A TALE OF THE MISTAKEN ANKLET: TAMIL EPIC SILAPATHIKARAM By Kalian Ethirasan **Mint Condition**.
About this Book: The Quran literally meaning “the recitation” is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah). It is widely regarded as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language. The Quran is divided into chapters called suras, which are then divided into verses, called ayahs. Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by God to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (Jibril), gradually over a period of approximately 23 years, beginning on 22 December 609 CE, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as the most important miracle of Muhammad, a proof of his prophet hood, and the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with the messages revealed to Adam and ended with Muhammad.
You are purchasing a Very Good copy of ‘Bindi Baby Animals (Tamil): A Beginner Language Book for Tamil Children (Tamil Edition)’. Condition Notes: Book is in very good condition and may include minimal underlining highlighting.
Tight spine and clean text with some wear to cover The product is a trade paperback book titled “Rise and Fall of the Tamil Tigers” by Damian Tangram, published by Lulu Press, Inc. in 2018. It is a detailed account of the history and political science surrounding the Tamil Tigers in Southeast Asia, focusing on topics such as terrorism. The book features illustrations, has 376 pages, and is written in English, providing an in-depth exploration of the rise and ultimate decline of the Tamil Tigers organization.
Sangeeta Bala Padam. Product ID: 8179505871-8-1.
Language: TAM. Number of Pages: 216. Publication Date: 2023-11-01. Publisher: Bharathi Puthakalayam.
Tamil Nadu is renowned for its vibrant religious traditions, which have profoundly influenced the daily lives of its people and inspired significant architectural endeavors. This book celebrates the genius of South Indian architecture and art, emphasizing the dynamic interplay between sacred and urban spaces.
English (USA) – Tamil for beginners: A book in 2 languages (Multilingual Edition). Author: Schumann, Dr. Johannes. Sku: 1640181040-3-33729999. Condition: Used: Good. Qty Available: 1.
Number of Pages: 50. Publication Date: 2024-08-26. Publisher: South Asia Lutheran Mission.
Windfall languages book in English, Chinese, Malay, Tamil. Paperback covers have various amounts of wear, edge wear. pages overall very good/clean. Yellowing on pages in Comprehension book. text in Chinese and English.
You will find that the illustrated scene breaks are like mini paintings.
Celluloid Classicism: Early Tamil Cinema and the Making of Modern Bharatanatyam by Krishnan, Hari Pages can have notes/highlighting. Spine may show signs of wear. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less
You are purchasing a Very Good copy of ‘The Sadness of Geography: My Life as a Tamil Exile’. Condition Notes: Book is in very good condition and may include minimal underlining highlighting.
Title: Theera Kalam (In Tamil). Language: TAM. Number of Pages: 498. Publication Date: 2024-10-01. Publisher: Bharathi Puthakalayam.
Title: Buddhapadham. Language: TAM. Number of Pages: 184. Publication Date: 2007-07-12.
Cover shows moderate wear. Note written on title page, but all other pages are clean. Binding is intact.
“Tales of India: Folktales from Bengal, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu is a collection of traditional stories from three regions in India, presented in English. The book, published in 2018, features folktales from Bengal, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu, showcasing the rich cultural heritage and storytelling traditions of these regions. The authors, Singh, Viplov, Kohli, and Svabhu, bring together a selection of tales that offer insight into the customs, beliefs, and folklore of India’s diverse cultures.” Hardcover in good used condition.
You are purchasing a Very Good copy of ‘Arthashastra (Hindi) (Tamil Edition)’.
Title: Thirukkural Thelivurai. Author: Mu Varadarajan. Format: Paperback. Release Year: 2017. Item Weight: 376g. Item Width: 15mm. Item Length: 152mm. Item Height: 229mm.
Condition Notes: Book is in very good condition and may include minimal underlining highlighting.
Tamil Kirithavam by A Sivasubramanian, A Sivasubramanian, ISBN 9382033718, ISBN-13 9789382033714, Brand New, Free shipping in the US
Our eBay Store View Feedback Add to Favorite Sellers Vishnu Sahasranamam, Lalitha Sahasranamam (120.0) (Tamil Edition)By Vasudev, Vasudev Condtion: Used: Excellent Binding: PaperbackPublisher: VaramPublication Date: 2009-01-08Notes: APPEARS UNREAD. Paperback. Covers show minimal shelving wear, otherwise an UNBLEMISHED copy. Welcome to Redux Books! Questions about this item? If you have any questions about this item, please use the link titled “Ask Seller a Question” under the heading “Meet the seller” and we will be sure to answer your question within 1 business day. Payment Payment for all eBay orders must be completed through eBay payments. Shipping We ship our books throughout the world. In certain cases, we may not offer expedited shipping or shipping outside of the U.S. Free Standard Shipping within the contiguous U.S. Most orders are processed within 1 business days of order receipt. Allow 2-7 business days for delivery after your order has shipped. Shipping times are estimated and are not guaranteed by Redux Books. Why isn’t there a picture included in the listing? When available our listings are populated with stock pictures provided by Ebay. There are times when Ebay does not have a picture of the item in the listing in which case you may request an actual picture if you contact us. We will work on getting a photo within 1 business day.Please note: Some of the pictures added by Ebay do not depict the same cover of the item in our listing. We do not have control over this, so it is always better to ask first! Condition GuidelinesNew: An unused and unread book that is in perfect conditionLike New: A book that approaches the condition of New, but without being crisp. Remainder mark may be present, but otheriwse there are no marking. Any defect will be noted in the accompanying description.Very Good: A book that does show some small signs of wear, but without tears. Minor marking may be present. Any defects will be noted in accompanying description.Good: A book that falls under average used book. All pages are present. Pages may contain marking. Any defects are noted in accompanying description. Could be Ex-library (bought from a library sale, this will be noted)Fair/Acceptable: A Worn book that has complete text pages but may lack endpapers, half-title, etc. (will be noted). Binding, jacket (if any), etc., may also be worn. This is our lowest condition grade and as we try our best to describe any defects, it is possible for an ‘acceptable’ book to have other defects than mentioned.Please note: These conditions are guidelines only and the condition of the item above may actually differ from the description of these categories. These differences will be noted in the item notes above.100% Customer Satisfaction Guaranteed We want to ensure your satisfaction. If you are dissatisfied with your purchase or shopping experience, we would like to hear from you. Please contact us using eBay Messaging. Please be sure to include your contact information and order number. Please note: Business hours are Monday-Friday. We try our best to respond to all questions and comments within one business day.Lost or Damaged ShipmentsIf your order was damaged during shipping or if you did not receive your order, contact us and we will be happy to take care of the issue. Please wait until the end of the delivery time estimate before contacting us about missing shipments.Please contact us using eBay Messaging and be sure to include your contact information and order number.Your Privacy Redux Books does not sell or market customer information to other businesses or organizations.Customer Comments We are constantly striving to improve our service and would love to hear your comments. Please contact us using eBay Messaging.Returns Redux Books accepts returns within 30 days of order receipt. Return ProcessPlease contact us using eBay Messaging before returning your order.Returns without prior authorization will not be refunded. Return RequirementsReturned merchandise must be in the same condition in which it was received.No return credit will be given if an item is in used condition, has been installed, or has missing or damaged retail packaging.Please adequately package return shipments. No credit will be given if item is damaged in return shipment.Thank You For Your Business!
Please refer to the section BELOW (and NOT ABOVE) this line for the product details – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Title:Mootam ( Tamil Edition )ISBN13:9781986685597ISBN10:1986685594Author:Samuthiram, Su (Author)Description:(This is a RePrint) – Mootam Is Tamil Language Social Novel By Su Samuthiram Binding:Paperback, PaperbackPublisher:Createspace Independent Publishing PlatformPublication Date:2018-03-21Weight:0.31 lbsDimensions:0.2” H x 9.02” L x 5.98” WNumber of Pages:98Language:TAM
You are purchasing a Acceptable copy of ‘Bhagavad Gita As It Is (Tamil)- World Most Read Edition’. Condition Notes: Used – Acceptable: All pages and the cover are intact, but shrink wrap, dust covers, or boxed set case may be missing.
Title: Moovari Vendran ( Tamil Edition ). Language: TAM. Number of Pages: 90. Weight: 0.29 lbs. Publication Date: 2018-03-21. Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform.
Format: Paperback or Softback. Condition Guide. Your source for quality books at reduced prices. Item Availability.
The Periya Puranam is a classical Tamil scripture that describes the lives of 63 Saivite saints. He picked it up and, being the first religious book he had ever read, was tranported to a hitherto unknown sphere of existence.
Bhagavad Gita : Commentary in Tamil, Paperback by Bharathiyar, Subramania, ISBN 1976262216, ISBN-13 9781976262210, Like New Used, Free shipping in the US
You are purchasing a Good copy of ‘Bindi Baby Animals (Tamil): A Beginner Language Book for Tamil Children (Tamil Edition)’. Condition Notes: The book is in good condition with all pages and cover intact, including the dust jacket if originally issued.
A solid, well‑kept copy of the Tamil Holy Bible (O.V.) from the Bible Society of India. Holy Bible O.V. Bible Society of India. Most will send the cheapest available copy of a title, regardless of condition or format.
Title: Kanganam. Language: TAM. Number of Pages: 346. Publication Date: 2014-12-01. Publisher: Kalachuvadu Publications Pvt Ltd.
Format: Paperback or Softback. Your source for quality books at reduced prices. Condition Guide. Item Availability.
Please refer to the section BELOW (and NOT ABOVE) this line for the product details – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Title:Abhirami AnthadhiISBN13:9781976339769ISBN10:1976339766Author:Bhattar, Abhirami (Author)Description:(This is a RePrint) – Binding:Paperback, PaperbackPublisher:Createspace Independent Publishing PlatformPublication Date:2017-09-13Weight:0.23 lbsDimensions:0.15” H x 9” L x 6” WNumber of Pages:70Language:TAM
World Bible Translation Center India introduces the easy to read version of the Tamil Holy Bible in the year 2018 EditionThe Bible, also known as the Holy Bible, is a group of religious texts of Judaism and Christianity; it contains the both Old Testament and The New Testament.The word Bible comes from the Greek word τὰ βιβλία (biblía) which means “books” in English, because it is many books in one book.The Bible is a compilation of 66 books and letters written by more than 40 authors during a period of approximately 1,500 years.Bible’s original text was communicated in just three languages: Hebrew, koine or common Greek, and AramaicPackage Contents : 1 Tamil Holy Bible Easy To Read VersionBible Type : Vinyl Bound Paperback , Pages : 1404Publication/Author : World Bible Translation Center -India ,Publication Year : 2018 Tamil BibleContents Included : Old Testament & New Testament with Word List and Meanings – Ancient Maps During Abraham’s Time and Areas Travelled by Saints
¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ / Puratchialar Ambedkar Buddhamadham Maariadu Yaen, ISBN 9384149373, ISBN-13 9789384149376, Brand New, Free shipping in the US
Title: Porkkalai [Premium Edition]. Language: TAM. Number of Pages: 166. Publication Date: 2019-02-07.
Sri Mugavai Kanna Muruganar expressed his devotion by composing 30,000 exquisite Tamil poems over a span of 50 years in praise of his Satguru, Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi. These poems have been published under various titles including Sri Ramana Sannidhi Murai, Sri Ramana Jnana Bodham, Guru Vachaka Kovai etc., while some have been lost forever. Sri Muruganar took great care not to reveal many details about his own spiritual journey. However, he has left subtle clues buried in the depths of his brilliant poetry. This book, Muruganar In His Own Words, is a celebration of this beloved poet’s spiritual journey — his inspiration, his struggles, his singular love, his complete surrender, his meticulous documentation of his Guru’s teachings, and his supreme realization — all revealed through his own words from the epic collection of his verses. Though these verses were written in classical Tamil, this book seeks to make them accessible to everyone including non-Tamil readers. It also delves into Muruganar’s influences from ancient saint-poets, the socio-cultural context during his youth, and his friendships with literary figures and devotees. Most importantly, this work highlights Sri Muruganar’s unwavering single-pointed devotion and reverence for Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi. We pray to Sri Bhagavan that devotees will benefit from reading this book and also understand the value of devotion and surrender.